Optimizing Ergonomic Efficiency through a Comprehensive Anthropometric Approach in Laboratory Furniture Design for Malaysian University Students

Abstract

Ergonomic design is crucial for ensuring safety, comfort, and productivity in learning environments that involve intensive manual tasks. In higher education, laboratories play a crucial role in fostering applied technical skills. However, poorly designed laboratory furniture can lead to discomfort, fatigue, and long-term health issues, especially when workstation dimensions are mismatched with the body measurements of the users. This study was undertaken at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, to evaluate and improve the ergonomic design of furniture in the welding laboratory. A survey involving 40 students (20 male and 20 female) aged between 20 and 25 years was conducted to collect 12 key anthropometric parameters, including stature, shoulder breadth, popliteal height, buttock–popliteal length, sitting elbow height, and hip breadth. Data were analyzed using SPC XL software to compute the mean, standard deviation, and percentile distributions (5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles). Comparative analysis between student anthropometry and current furniture dimensions revealed substantial mismatches, particularly in seat height, seat depth, and table height. Based on these findings, the study proposed ergonomic modifications, including an adjustable laboratory chair with lumbar support and rotation capability, as well as a detachable table riser to accommodate users across various percentile ranges. Post-intervention feedback and ergonomic evaluation demonstrated measurable improvements in posture, reach, and overall comfort, with mismatch rates reduced by up to 80–85%. This study extends ergonomic theory by translating localized anthropometric data into percentile-based design ranges that align with international ergonomic principles, specifically the design-for-extremes and adjustability frameworks defined by ISO 7250 and ISO 6385. The results provide a replicable model for ergonomic standardization in Malaysian educational laboratories, emphasizing evidence-based design for inclusivity and safety.