Success Rate of Dental Implants in Patients with Autoimmune Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Aim: Autoimmune disorders may affect bone metabolism and tissue healing, potentially influencing dental implant outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess implant survival and success in patients with autoimmune diseases, with particular focus on marginal bone loss (MBL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Fourteen observational studies including 2657 participants were included. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Results: Implant survival rates ranged from 76.4% to 100% across autoimmune conditions. No significant differences in MBL were observed for patients with type 1 diabetes or Sjögren’s syndrome compared to controls, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients showed significantly increased MBL [MD = 1.60 mm; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.13–2.07; P < 0.00001]. RA patients also had lower odds of BOP (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.05–0.36; P < 0.0001). Overall, autoimmune conditions were associated with reduced BOP (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06–0.91; P = 0.04). Conclusion: Dental implants demonstrate favorable survival in autoimmune patients, although RA and diabetes may increase MBL risk. Tailored treatment planning and follow-up are essential. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm disease-specific risks.