Stan odywienia chorych po transplantacji komorek krwiotworczych

Abstract

Malnutrition is a significant problem affecting patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In the early period after HCT, gastrointestinal complications of the conditioning regimen lead to reduced food consumption and impaired food absorption. Malnutrition is additionally worsened by increased catabolism and development of graft-versus-host disease. Optimal nutrition remains an important element of post-transplantation care. In this paper, we show the importance of performing regular assessments of the nutritional status in HCT recipients and we present available methods of nutritional support. Oral nutrition should be maintained as long as possible, and it may be supplemented with high-protein and high-calorie formulations. If oral nutrition is not possible or does not cover protein-caloric demand, enteral nutrition may be considered, however parenteral nutrition is more commonly administered in routine clinical practice. Nutrition of HCT patients might be enhanced with immunomodulatory components, including glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids, as well as prebiotics or probiotics that might have a beneficial effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiome.