Phytochemical, antifungal and antibacterial potential of Leptadenia hastata stem-bark extract

Abstract

Objectives: The Plant of genus Leptadenia belongs to family of Asclepiadaceae and have been widely employed for controlling various disease. Objective of the present study was to do preliminary phytochemical screening, Antifungal and Antibacterial potential of Hexane stem bark extract of Leptadenia hastata. ;Methods: hastata extracts were evaluated for potential antifungal and antimicrobial properties. The stem-bark of the plant were extracted with five solvent of various polarity and then vaporized to give respective extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia (Bacteria) and Aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, candida tropicalis and Fusarium oxysporium (fungi) was determined by an agar well diffusion method. The optical density of the broth using UV mini spectrophotometer and zone of inhibition by the crude extract were determined. ;Results: The results showed qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract thus, confirms the presence of various phytochemicals like sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, tannins, Proanthocyanidins and glycosides in its n-hexane extract. Whereas saponins was found to be absent. The extract at different concentration, showed higher significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger at 25ppm 50ppm 100ppm and 500pmm with an inhibition rate of 3.22±0.04ad, 3.47±0.05ad, 3.55±0.05ad, 3.00±0.09ad (Aspergillus Flavus) and 3.08±0.04a, 3.27±0.05a, 3.32±0.08ab, 2.82±0.08a (Aspergillus niger) respectively at day five over the other pathogens. ;Conclusion: Qualitative phytochemical screening analysis of this plant confirms the presence of various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, sterols, carbohydrates, Proanthocyanidins and glycosides in its hexane extract which gave the plant extracts its potential against various disease. This study draws attention to the need for further studies of the active secondary metabolites identified in the reported species for the treatment of many diseases, also to understand their mechanism of action in controlling various dreadful diseases.