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Cosmic collisions and galactic civilizations

Astronomy and Geophysics (1998) 39(4) 422-424
DOI: 10.1093/astrog/39.4.4.22
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Abstract

Interplanetary collision hazards in many planetary systems force civilizations to become spacefaring or extinct. This selection pressure apparently acts on a timescale of 105 years on Earth's current human civilization, but many act on shorter or longer timescales elsewhere.

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APA

Ostro, S., & Sagan, C. (1998). Cosmic collisions and galactic civilizations. Astronomy and Geophysics, 39(4), 422–424. https://doi.org/10.1093/astrog/39.4.4.22

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