Factor analysis validation of the student feedback questionnaire for the subcutaneous swelling simulation model

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous swelling simulation models play a crucial role in medical education, providing practical hands-on experience to students. Evaluating these models through student feedback is essential for continual improvement. This study focuses on the validation of a feedback questionnaire intended to capture student perceptions effectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Student Feedback Questionnaire was developed based on aspects relevant to the subcutaneous swelling simulation model. The questionnaire was distributed among a cohort of 265 students who had engaged with the simulation model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the questionnaire’s structure. RESULTS: The factor analysis revealed a robust structure within the questionnaire, consolidating key domains that encompassed student evaluations of the simulation model. Identified factors represented aspects such as fidelity, clinical competency, and rating and recommendation with the simulation experience. The students also rated the model high and expressed that they would recommend the use of such a simulation model for hands-on training in future. Factor loadings demonstrated high correlations between questionnaire items and the underlying factors, affirming the questionnaire’s validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient computed at 0.91 indicated high internal consistency among the questionnaire items, affirming its reliability. CONCLUSION: The factor analysis provided evidence supporting the multidimensionality of student feedback pertaining to the subcutaneous swelling simulation model. The validated questionnaire exhibited reliability in discerning various aspects of the simulation model that significantly impact student learning experiences. This study underscores the importance of a validated feedback instrument tailored to assess subcutaneous swelling simulation models.