Diurnal regulation of leaf blade elongation in rice by CO2: Is it related to sucrose-phosphate synthase activity?

Abstract

The relationship between leaf blade elongation rates (LER) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was investigated at different times during ontogeny of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 μL CO2 L-1. High CO2 concentrations increased LER of expanding blades and in vivo activity (Vlimiting) SPS activity of expanded blades during the early vegetative stage (21 d after planting [DAP]), when tiller number was small and growing blades were strong carbohydrate sinks. Despite a constant light environment, there was a distinct diurnal pattern in LER, Vlimiting SPS activity, and concentration of soluble sugars, with an increase in the early part of the light period and a decrease later in the light period. The strong correlation (r = 0.65) between LER and Vlimiting SPS activity over the diurnal cycle indicated that SPS activity played an important role in controlling blade growth. The higher Vlimiting SPS activity at elevated CO2 at 21 DAP was caused by an increase in the activation state of the enzyme rather than an increase in Vmax. Fructose and glucose accumulated to a greater extent than sucrose at high CO2 and may have been utilized for synthesis of cell-wall components, contributing to higher specific leaf weight. By the mid-tillering stage (42 DAP), CO2 enrichment enhanced Vlimiting and Vmax activities of source blades. Nevertheless, LER was depressed by high CO2, probably because tillers were stronger carbohydrate sinks than growing blades.