Childhood predictors of high school sport participation and effects of participation on young adult activity and mental health

Abstract

Introduction: In the United States, sport is a common form of youth physical activity (PA) with demonstrated health benefits. However, limited longitudinal dataexists on the psychosocial determinants and consequences of youth sport participation. This study examined grade 6 (11–12-year-old) predictors of high school organized sport participation and effects of high school sport participation on age 26 behavior, mental health and wellbeing. Methods: Structural equation models tested relationships using the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Half of the sample was male, and played organized sports at ages 15 and 18. Eighty percent of the sample was white. Results: Grade 6 predictors of playing high school sport were: child enjoys PA, parent enjoys PA, parent feels physical education (PE) is important, and vigorous PA minutes/week. Playing sports at ages 15 and 18 was associated with better wellbeing, lower depression, increased sport and fitness activity participation. Enjoyment of PA was directly associated with fitness activities at age 26, more than a decade later. High school sport participation at both age 15 and 18 further mediated relationships between enjoyment with wellbeing and depression at age 26. Discussion: Sport participation is a common accessible means of PA, and participating in sports in high school is associated with better mental health and PA outcomes at age 26. Fostering enjoyment of PA during childhood helps shape PA in early adulthood and adult mental health benefits derived from high school sport participation.