Systematic Review on new Face of Monkeypox Virus

Abstract

A member of the Poxviridae family of orthopoxviruses, the monkeypox virus, is the causative agent of monkeypox, The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where the disease is thought to be endemic, is one of the most common locations where it occurs in Central and West African nations. 1958,1959,1962,2003 were the years when monkeypox virus outbreaks seen. in 2022, four MPXV cases were found in india as well. Congo Basin clade of MPXV is more infectious and attenuated than West African clade. in the case of the typical human MPV disease, symptoms such as fever, malaise, headaches, and lymphadenopathy start to manifest 4–17 days after the exposure. The primary method of confirming MPV infection is a positive test for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of swabs from lesions of skin or mucosa or scabs. A confirmatory test is also performed if a PCR of a blood sample or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) yields positive results. supportive care is the core of treatment for mild cases, with an emphasis on pain management, hydration, nourishment, and avoiding bacterial superinfection of skin lesions. Lesions on the skin need to be kept dry and clean. Both topical petroleum jelly and oral antihistamines are effective treatments for pruritis. To prevent MPV infection, people must avoid close contact with those who are thought to be infected because they may be contagious To reduce transmission and to expand understanding of disease burden, surveillance has to be improved. Since eradication is impossible due to the cycle's sylvatic component, prevention becomes crucial as it can be controlled by preventing MSM and isolating oneself who got infected with MPXV. This review gives information about Monkeypox virus, it's epidemiology, virology, pathophysiology, how it can be transmitted, symptoms, prevention and management.