High-resolution cerebrovascular imaging: Current status

Abstract

Advanced imaging techniques using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) enable visualization of minute intracranial vascular structures, which can be crucial for neurosurgical planning. MR angiography using high-field MR scanners with magnetization transfer pulses or CT angiography using high-performance CT scanners can readily depict major perforating arteries and distal cortical arteries. Additionally, phase contrast MR venography, time-resolved MR angiography, susceptibility-weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced gradient-echo, or CT angiography with appropriate postprocessing methods can visualize medullary veins, deep veins, cortical veins, and dural sinuses.