Studies on the Distribution and Abundance of the Lima Bean Pod Borer, Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, and the Soy Bean Pod Borer, Grapholitha glycinivorella Matsumura: III. On the Distribution of the Two Species in Japan

Abstract

In the previous papers we discussed the geographical distribution of the two species, E. zinckenella and G. glycinivorella in Kanto-Tosan district of the country. The northern limit of distribution of E. zinckenella is indicated by an annual mean temperature of 11∼12°C and the abundant area more than 14°C. On the other hand, G. glycinivorella is found throughout the district, and the abundant area is pointed out as diluvial light soil zone. In the present paper I made a further survey of the geographical distribution of the species throughout the country. The results obtained are summarized as follows. E. zinckenella distributes in warmer regions of the world, and is generally found in the tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. In Japan, it isfound in Kyūshu, Shikoku, Chūgoku, Tōkai-Kinki, Kantō-Tōsan, Hokuriku and partially the sea side area of the southern Tōhoku district, but not found in cooler region of the country such as northern Tōhoku and Hokkaidō (Fig. 1). As indicators of the northern limit of distribution, I suggest the following factors according to the Fig. 3: (1) Annual mean temperature 11.5∼12.5°C. (2) Mean temperature of warmer season (from May to October) 18.5∼19.5°C. In Japan the applicability of the two indicators are nearly equal, but the latter will be more applicable in north China. G. glycinivorella is found throughout the frigid, subfrigid and temperate zones of Far East. In Japan it is abundant in cooler regions such as Hokkaidō, Tōhoku, Kantō-Tōsan, Hokuriku and San-In districts, but it is not so abundant in warmer regions, i.e. Tōkai-Kinki, San-Yō and Shikoku districts. In Kyūshū district, southern part of the country, the species is rare in general, and not found in any island far south Kyūshū (Fig. 3). It may be said that the southern limit of distribution of the species exists between Kyushu and Tanegashima Island. As mentioned above, E. zinckenella is recognized as a typical southern species, while G. glycinivorella is a northern one. The two species, however, are commonly found in many districts of the country, from southern Tōhoku to Kyūshū. The abundance of the species is nearly equal in the central region of Japan such as Kanto, Tōkai-Kinki, San-Yō and Shikoku districts. © 1960, JAPANESE SOCIETY OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY. All rights reserved.