AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR THE BALANCE BETWEEN CONSERVATION AND TRADITIONAL USE IN A PROTECTED AREA: THE CASE OF THE PICO AZUL-LA ESCALERA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ZONE

Abstract

Protected Natural Areas often impose restrictions that require a delicate balance between conservation and the traditional uses upheld by local communities. This study presents a novel integrated methodological approach using anthropo-natural landscapes as the primary unit of analysis. The methodology evaluates natural suitability for various appropriate uses within the protected area, considering legal compatibility, environmental sustainability, socioeconomic benefits, and technical-financial feasibility. Our case study of the Pico Azul – La Escalera Environmental Protection Zone reveals that 59.2% of the territory is primarily suited for conservation activities, 38.3% for the rehabilitation of degraded areas, and only 2.5% for extensive livestock farming and rainfed agriculture. Additionally, 24% of the area, comprising mainly non-degraded sectors, is designed for the sustainable use of non-timber forest resources. Furthermore, alternative tourism is identified as a viable secondary use in 10.2% of the most preserved landscapes. This research underscores the importance of a comprehensive and balanced approach to managing protected areas, ensuring both conservation goals and the livelihoods of local communities are met.