Muhammad Salih Bin Uthaimin (1929- 2001m) dan Manhaj Fatwanya

Abstract

This article discusses the life and education of Muhammad Bin Salih al-Uthaimin. It also focuses on his fiqh methodology especially that which is streamlined with maqasid shari’ah and Islamic methodologies, based on the evidence (dalil) and legitimacy. The article also explains how the scholar is influenced by other notable past luminaries such as Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim and Ibn Baz. The author analyses al- Uthaimin’s religious edicts (fatwa) such as those that relate to the Muslims who do not pray, issues on hijab (covering faces and hands), the need to give out alms (zakat fitrah) in cash, and the need to give out alms on gold that are used as jewellery. Ibn Uthaimin’s methodology of fatwa follows Hanbali sect and it has been greatly influenced by his teachers such as Syeikh Abdul Rahman al-Sa’adi. It is found that he is closely identified with literal interpretation in understanding certain basis (nas) when dispensing his fatwa. Keywords: Religious, edicts, alms, prayers Abstrak Artikel ini menjelaskan latar belakang kehidupan dan pendidikan Muhammad Bin Salih al-Uthaimin. Ia juga turut membicarakan manhaj fikah terutama menggabungkan dengan maqasid Syariat dan kaedah- kaedah agama, berasaskan dalil dan kesahihannya serta terpengaruh dengan ulama yang berwibawa seperti Ibn Taimiyyah, Ibn Qayyim dan Ibn Baz. Penulis juga menganalisa fatwanya yang berkaitan hukum orang yang meninggalkan solat, hukum wanita memakai hijab (menutup muka dan tapak tangan), hukum mengeluarkan zakat fitrah dengan wang dan kewajipan mengeluarkan zakat emas yang dijadikan perhiasan. Manhaj fatwa Ibn Uthaimin mengikut Mazhab Hanbali dan  pengaruh yang kuat  dengan  gurunya Syeikh Abdul Rahman al-Sa’adi. Didapati juga beliau mirip kepada kefahaman literal dalam memahami sesuatu nas dalam mengeluarkan fatwa. Kata kunci: Fatwa, zakat,  maqasid, fikah.