Performance Analysis of Lee, Dual Slope & ITU-RP.833 Path Loss Models for LoRa-WSN in Dense Forest Monitoring

Abstract

Wireless sensor Networks operating in dense forest environments, LoRa LPWAN systems, face significant challenges due to dense foliage and obstructions. Accurate path loss models are crucial for designing and optimizing such systems. This research article presents a comparative analysis of three path loss models, namely Lee, Dual Slope, and ITU-R P.833, for a LoRa LPWAN system deployed in dense forest monitoring applications. The performance of these models is evaluated based on their ability to predict signal strength in challenging forest environments. Field measurements are conducted in a dense forest area, capturing various characteristics using a simulation approach such as SINR, Attenuation, path loss exponent and foliage densities. The obtained simulated data is used to validate and compare the path loss models against the measured results. The analysis considers distance, antenna heights, and environmental conditions specific to dense forests. The results provide insights into the suitability and accuracy of the path loss models, aiding in designing and optimising LoRa LPWAN systems for effective monitoring in dense forest environments. This study contributes to understanding path loss modelling in challenging forest scenarios and enables informed decision-making in deploying wireless communication systems for forest monitoring applications. A thorough comparison of three path loss models for LoRa LPWAN systems in dense forest environments has been presented.