Relation of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia to impaired communication cerebrovascular disease, and lack of ability to perform activities of daily living in elderly patients

Abstract

Patient's reports of angina pectoris depend on cognition and communication and on the patient's physical and mental activity. In elderly people, these functions are often impaired, and we therefore looked for evidence of myocardial ischemia in 770 consecutive autopsies. We defined the coronary stenosis index (CSI) as the sum of the stenosis scores of three coronary arteries: 0% = 1, 25% = 2, 50% = 3, 75% = 4, 90% = 4.5 95 or 100% = 5. A total score of more than 13.0 and a score of 5.0 in one vessel was assumed to have been associated with myocardial ischemia. Patients assumed to have had myocardial ischemia were classified according to the presence or absence of angina pectoris: 24 had angina pector is and 92 were asymptomatic. As controls, 86 patients in whom the CSI was lower than 10.0 were studied. Death due to myocardial infarction was most frequent in patients with angina (67%). Acute myocardial infarction was more common in asymptomatic patients than in controls (27% vs. 1%). Small myocardial infarctions and inferior myocardial infarctions were more frequent in asymptomatic patients than in those with angina. Cerebrovascular disease, problems doing activities of daily living, and communication disturbance were more common in asymptomatic patients than in those with angina. Electrocardiographic evidence of an old myocardial infarction was found in 40.9%, 16.6%, and 2.3% of patients with angina, asymptomatic patients, and controls, respectively (p<0.05). Morphologic details of the myocardial infarction, coexistence of cerebrovascular disease, inability to perform activities of daily living, and impaired communication are associated with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. Patients with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia should be identified and treated because of their relatively poor prognosis. Ischemic events might be detected by careful observation and prevented by appropriate treatment.