Factors associated with thrombotic disease in dogs with renal proteinuria: A retrospective of 150 cases

Abstract

Background: Knowledge of additional risk factors for thrombotic disease (TD) among dogs with renal proteinuria is limited; these might differ for TD affecting the systemic arterial (AT), systemic venous (VT), and pulmonary circulation (PT). Hypothesis/Objectives: To compare signalment and clinicopathological data between dogs with renal proteinuria with or without TD, and between dogs with AT, VT, and PT. Animals: One hundred fifty client-owned dogs with renal proteinuria, 50 of which had TD. Methods: Retrospective case-controlled study. A database search (2004-2021) identified proteinuric dogs (UPC > 2) with and without TD. Clinicopathological data were obtained from the records. TD and non-TD (NTD) groups were compared by binary logistic regression, and AT, VT, and PT groups by multinomial regression. Normal data presented as mean ± SD, non-normal data presented as median [25th, 75th percentiles]. Results: Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were overrepresented in the TD group (OR = 98.8, 95% CI 2.09-4671, P =.02). Compared to NTD cases, TD cases had higher concentration of neutrophils (11.06 [8.92, 16.58] × 109/L vs 7.31 [5.63, 11.06] × 109/L, P =.02), and lower concentration of eosinophils (0 [0, 0.21] × 109/L vs 0.17 [0.04, 0.41] × 109/L, P =.002) in blood, and lower serum albumin (2.45 ± 0.73 g/dL vs 2.83 ± 0.73 g/dL, P =.04). AT cases had higher serum albumin concentrations than VT cases (2.73 ± 0.48 g/dL vs 2.17 ± 0.49 g/dL, P =.03) and were older than PT cases (10.6 ± 2.6 years vs 7.0 ± 4.3 years, P =.008). VT cases were older (9.1 ± 4.2 years vs 7.0 ± 4.3 years, P =.008) and had higher serum cholesterol concentration (398 [309-692 mg/dL] vs 255 [155-402 mg/dL], P =.03) than PT cases. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Differences between thrombus locations could reflect differences in pathogenesis.