Preliminaries Methods for Detecting Urine Crystalline by Nanoparticle Size Analyzer

Abstract

Urine crystals can be found in healthy urine and unhealthy urine (urolithiasis). Size analysis, in both with the nanoparticle size analyzer (PSA) is very useful for distinguishing urine crystallites under 1000 nm. The choice of methods and materials that are appropriate at the preparation stage before measurement will determine the accuracy of the data. The purpose of this study was to establish the right methods and materials for detecting crystals by PSA. PSA was used to compare intensity-autocorrelation curves (mean diameter) and polydispersity index of techniques and materials reviewed. Those: solution concentration; protein-coagulating; distilled water volume; micropore diameter; centrifugation value; and measurement angle. The best processing methods for urine crystallites detection was found. Antiseptics and protein-coagulation with NaN3 (2%) and formaldehyde (2.5%) were added to the urine, respectively. Urine was diluted with 50% ml distilled water then filtered through a 3 μm paper filter to remove the macromolecule. The supernatant was obtained by centrifuging the filtrate at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes. The angle (90°) applied to the measurement with Rayleigh scattering. These processing methods can remove biological cells and macromolecules in the urine. This preparation stage in the next research was applied to detect various types of urine crystals.