Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Thai Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Extracts

Abstract

Mangifera indica L. (mango) is widely recognized for its rich and diverse bioactive compounds, with potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications in health, food, and cosmetics. Research interest in this plant has increased significantly due to its diverse chemical constituents and bioactivities. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profiles, total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of Thai M. indica L. extracts from shoots, leaves, and flowers using ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents. The results showed that ethanol consistently produced the highest extraction yield among all crude extracts, with yields of 12.33%, 6.89%, and 9.00% for ES, EL, and EF, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and alkaloids across all extracts. The total flavonoid content was highest in the ethanol shoot (ES) crude extract (48.96 ± 3.08 mg QE/g), whereas the total phenolic content peaked in the ethanol flower (EF) crude extract (62.28 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g). The methanol flower (MF) crude extract exhibited the strongest DPPH antioxidant activity (SC50 1.4 ± 0.3 µg/mL). The methanol leaf (ML) crude extract displayed the highest ABTS antioxidant activity (5.64 ± 0.13 mM TE/g). The MF crude extract showed the greatest FRAP antioxidant activity (0.190 ± 0.007 mg AE/g). These findings highlight the potential of M. indica L. as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals for further exploration in healthrelated applications.