A comparison of intravenous ranitidine and omeprazole on gastric volume and pH in women undergoing emergency Caesarean section

Abstract

We have compared the effect of intravenously administered omeprazole and ranitidine on gastric contents in a double-blind study in 80 consecutive women undergoing emergency Caesarean section. When the decision to perform emergency Caesarean section was made, patients were randomly assigned to receive either ranitidine 50 mg or omeprazole 40 mg intravenously. The volume and pH of the gastric contents were measured immediately after tracheal intubation and again before extubation. The gastric pH was found to be higher after omeprazole than after ranitidine immediately after intubation (5.89 ± 1.46 and 5.21 ± 1.36 respectively) (P < 0.05) and before extubation (5.97 ± 1.38 and 5.32 ± 1.24 respectively) (P < 0.05). However, the gastric volumes were comparable in both the groups. The number of patients with gastric volume > 25 ml and pH < 2.5 were 3 (7.5%) in the ranitidine group and 1 (2.5%) in the omeprazole group after intubation and none in either of the groups before extubation. We conclude that omeprazole 40 mg iv administered at the time of the decision to operate, results in higher gastric pH than ranitidine in obstetric patients undergoing emergency Caesarean section. © 1995 Canadian Anesthesiologists.