To what extent do ecological factors of behavior contribute to the compliance of the antenatal care program in Dumai city, Indonesia?

Abstract

Purpose: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still relatively high, at 305 per 100.000 live births (2015). Routine visit to antenatal care is the best way to reduce MMR. Inspite of this, the number of antenatal care visits among pregnant women is still low. This study aimed to measure the influence of behavioral ecological factors with the compliance of pregnant women to visit antenatal care. Patients and Methods: Study population was pregnant women living in Dumai City, Indonesia. This study was a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional. We used the cluster system to select participants. A total of 369 subjects participated with a gestation age between >12 until 40 weeks. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using validated questioners. The analysis was done by bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test. Multivariate using multiple linear regression. Results: This study showed that factors of the ecological model of behavior were related to antenatal care compliance (p value<0.05) with a coefficient correlation (0.330–0.569). Multivariate analysis showed that all variables associated significantly (adjusted R2; 0.104– 0.311). Five variables were dominant; knowledge, cultural beliefs, family support, friend sup-port, and health facilities with adjusted R2= 0.518. Conclusion: Five factors in an ecological model of behavior, such as knowledge, cultural beliefs, family support, friend support, and health facilities, proportion (51,8%) of contributing to antenatal care compliance. We recommend a health district program to make services more accessible to pregnant women. Health education programs need to increase the knowledge of pregnant women and families to provide support in antenatal care compliance. Local govern-ments shall improve antenatal care quality by mapping, planning, and evaluating this program.