Leg Ulcers in Dermatology

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This review provides a thorough qualitative synthesis of the characteristic physical examination findings, expected diagnostic study findings, risk factors, etiology, systemic complications, and optimal therapeutic approach to leg ulcers in dermatology. Recent Findings: Studies utilizing newer techniques to identify microbial organisms show a large previously understudied anaerobic burden that may be contributing to delayed wound healing. Recent findings suggest that additional research is needed in the fields of advanced wound dressings, venous surgery, and antibiotics. Summary: Most chronic ulcers occur in patients with underlying medical diseases, thus appropriately diagnosing and treating any underlying medical conditions are essential. Adjunct therapy to wound treatment includes moisture and occlusion, debridement, infection control, compression therapy, and pressure dispersion. The vast majority of leg ulcers are made up of venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, pressure ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers; however, less common conditions must importantly be considered in the differential diagnosis.