Root causes for the development of foot ulcers of people with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the root causes referred to in the etiology of foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A sectional study, quantitative, conducted at the Diabetes Clinic of a University Hospital in Ribeirão Preto - SP (Brazil). Data were collected using a structured instrument and physical examination of the feet of a sample of 30 diabetic patients. Results: The sample had a mean age of 57.5 years, was predominantly male with a low educational level; 90% had type 2 DM, long-term and poorly controlled; obesity/overweight in 77%; and, 93.3% had plantar insensitivity. The metatarsal region was the site of ulcer most frequently mentioned, and the cause was the callus. Conclusion: The root causes involved in the etiology of these ulcers correspond, directly or indirectly, to extrinsic factors that can be prevented with basic care and at low cost. The plantar insensitivity, a key factor triggering the ulcers, was not recognized by these people.