'After the rains' - A qualitative study exploring flood-related experiences, community response, coping mechanisms, and strategies from Kerala

Abstract

Background: Natural disasters can result in various physical and psychological effects on victims. Kerala witnessed one of the worst floods in 2018. Objective: To explore the flood-related experiences, the role of the community in dealing with the disaster and strategies used for the management of floods in the selected districts of Kerala. Methodology: This qualitative study was done among flood-affected victims residing in three selected districts of Kerala from December 2018 to June 2019. The qualitative data were collected through 16 in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions using a topic guide till data saturation. A sociogram was plotted, and the thematic analysis of data with data triangulation was done to validate the findings. Results: The study identified natural, man-made and supernatural causes of floods. Most respondents described the event as the 'Most unexpected disaster of the century.' Floods caused severe psychological trauma to the victims. The elderly and children were the most affected age groups, with behavioral changes noted among children. Fishermen came as 'life saviors.' The majority of the victims were shifted to relief camps and were extremely happy with the facilities provided in the camp. The most difficult challenges faced were moving people at night during the flood event and post-flood cleaning. The support provided by government, nongovernmental organizations, and the local community was very much appreciated. Many were grateful for the initial response by the local youth community in their areas. Participants shared that they understood the true meaning of unity and realized the temporary nature of worldly possessions. Self-help group formation and prayer were identified as the most commonly used coping strategy. Conclusion: Addressing man-made causes of floods, empowering local communities, ensuring disaster preparedness, providing psychological support, and preserving the environment are the major strategies that emerged for the effective management of floods in future.