Metabolic Syndrome in Children: Definition, Risk Factors, Prevention and Management-A Brief Overview

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome in children is an emerging health problem, especially in developed countries and the prevalence is also increasing in developing countries. It is a constellation of obesity with increased waist-hip ratio, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Separate definitions exist for defining metabolic syndrome in children and adults. Faulty dietary habit, sedentary lifestyle and increased television screen time are predominant risk factors for its development, which are all modifiable. However, hereditary and perinatal factors also play a significant role. Dietary modification, regular physical exercise, oral hypoglycemic agents, dyslipidemia management and in rare cases bariatric surgery may be required for management of metabolic syndrome in children. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for optimum outcome. ARTICLE HISTORY