Effects of gas composition on highly efficient surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by cation treatment

Abstract

High incident energy hydrogen and/or oxygen cations are generated by electron cyclotron resonance system, and then used to highly efficiently modify multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effects of various H 2/O 2 gas compositions on the modification process are studied. A systematic characterization method utilizing a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to evaluate the effects of various H 2/O 2 gas compositions on MWCNT functionalization. The Raman results show that the I D/I G ratio is directly affected by H 2 concentration in gas mixture, and the treatment applying a H 2/O 2 gas mixture with ratio of 40/10 (sccm/sccm) can yield the nanotubes with the highest I D/I G ratio (1.27). The XPS results suggest that the gas mixture with ratio of 25/25 (sccm/sccm) is most effective in introducing oxygen-containing functional groups and reducing amorphous carbon. The TGA suggests that the structural change of the treated nanotubes is marginal by this method with any gas condition.