Reactivity with a specific epitope of outer surface protein A predicts protection from infection with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

Abstract

The response to recombinant vaccines for Lyme disease was studied to determine serum antibody levels effective in protecting against tick- transmitted infection. Data presented here demonstrate a significant correlation between antibody to an epitope on outer surface protein A (OspA) and protection against infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in canines and mice. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure antibody to a site on OspA, defined by monoclonal antibody LA-2. Comparison of LA-2 titers against infection of canines and mice following vaccination and challenge established a predicted value for LA-2 titers. The statistical relationship between serum antibody levels and protection was calculated by logistic regression analysis. The statistical model predicted that an LA-2 titer of 0.32 μg equivalents (eq) per ml correlated to an 80% predicted probability of protection for both mice and dogs. This value was used to classify mice and dogs as to their protected status at the time of tick exposure. The LA-2 cutoff titer (0.32 μg eq/ml) correctly classified all dogs (n = 13) and mice (n = 44) that failed to become infected. By contrast, 20 of 22 dogs and 28 of 31 mice with titers of less than 0.32 μg eq/ml became infected. On the basis of these results, we conclude that an LA- 2 titer is a reliable indicator of immune status for estimating immune protection following use of OspA-based vaccines for B. burgdorferi sensu stricto.