Applications of the Fokker-Planck equation in circuit quantum electrodynamics

Abstract

We study exact solutions of the steady-state behavior of several nonlinear open quantum systems which can be applied to the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics. Using Fokker-Planck equations in the generalized P representation, we investigate the analytical solutions of two fundamental models. First, we solve for the steady-state response of a linear cavity that is coupled to an approximate transmon qubit and use this solution to study both the weak and strong driving regimes, using analytical expressions for the moments of both cavity and transmon fields, along with the Husimi Q function for the transmon. Second, we revist exact solutions of a quantum Duffing oscillator, which is driven both coherently and parametrically while also experiencing decoherence by the loss of single photons and pairs of photons. We use this solution to discuss both stabilization of Schrödinger cat states and the generation of squeezed states in parametric amplifiers, in addition to studying the Q functions of the different phases of the quantum system. The field of superconducting circuits, with its strong nonlinearities and couplings, has provided access to parameter regimes in which returning to these exact quantum optics methods can provide valuable insights.