Breeding and Genetic Assessment of Some Quantitative Traits in Crosses Forage Pea ( Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract

The trial was carried during 2011-2013 on the second experimental field of the Institute of forage Crops-Pleven, Bulgaria. Populations of P 1 , P 2 , F 2 and F 1 of the crosses Shtambovii × Pleven 10 and Rosacrono × Pleven 4 and their reciprocals were investigated. Heterosis for the investigated traits was found in the hybrids of F 1 generations. The cross Rosacrono × Pleven 4 had the highest posi-tive true heterosis for plant height (31.54%), height to first pod (15.44%) and pod length (17.11%); the cross Shtambovii × Pleven 10—for nods per plant (56.10%) and pod width (20.38%); Pleven 10 × Shtambovii—for 1000 seeds mass (14.65%) and Pleven 4 × Rosacrono—for number of seeds per pod. In F 2 the plants from Rosacrono × Pleven 4 had the strongest depression for plant height (28.26%), height to first pod (27.74%) and pod length (18.13%); Shtambovii × Pleven 10—for 1000 seeds mass (32.22%) and number of seeds per pod (13.87%). The stability of the studied characters was determined. Their variation in F 1 in the hybrid combination between Shtambovii and Pleven 10 was higher than F 1 of Rosacrono and Pleven 4. For more traits in direct crosses variability was found to be lower in relation to the reciprocal crosses in both com-bination. The genetical part in phenotipycal expression for height to first pod (Pleven 10 × Shtambovii), pod length and number of seeds per pod (Pleven 4 × Rosacrono) was relative high and existed probability for selection of homozygous genotypes in the generation F 2 and F 3 . The mass phenotype selection for other traits can implement and will be more effective if it starts in later hybrid generations (F 6 -F 7) or through individual selection.