Investigation of the effects of hybridization types and temperature on the quasi-static indentation properties of glass/flax hybrid composites for various test speeds

Abstract

Hybridizing man-made fiber composites with natural fibers has been chosen for numerous structural or semi-structural applications over the last several decades. Even though several studies have been conducted to determine the mechanical properties of inter-ply hybrid composites, the effects of hybridization on the out-of-plane mechanical properties of hybrid composites still need to be clarified. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites at low temperatures are another significant matter to be elucidated. In this study, E-glass and flax yarns were used to produce woven fabrics to obtain intra- and inter-ply hybrid composites. They were then subjected to the quasi-static indentation test at −30°C, 25°C, and 60°C. It was concluded that, according to the hybridization type, an improvement or decrease can be obtained in the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The contact force and energy absorption properties of pure glass composite could be increased at 8.88% and 3.87% proportions respectively, thanks to the intra-ply hybrid composite-1 in the study. Furthermore, the through-thickness properties and damage mechanisms of hybrid composites were profoundly affected by the temperature.