Deep Learning: Policies, Concepts, and Implementation in Senior High Schools in Indonesia

Abstract

The transformation of education in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 demands a more holistic, adaptive, and relevant learning approach aligned with the needs of the 21st century. One emerging approach is deep learning, which, in the educational context, does not refer to artificial intelligence technology, but rather to a learning paradigm that emphasizes deep understanding, critical thinking, collaboration, and the interconnection of cognitive, emotional, and social aspects. This study aims to examine the concept, implementation, and challenges of deep learning in Indonesian education through an analysis of theoretical literature and contextual empirical findings. The study identifies three key pillars that underpin the deep learning approach: mindful learning, meaningful learning, and joyful learning, which work synergistically to create a humanistic and transformative learning experience. The findings show that the implementation of deep learning contributes positively to improving students’ learning motivation, engagement, and reflective thinking skills. Although national policies such as the Merdeka Curriculum have incorporated these principles, practical implementation still faces challenges, particularly concerning teacher competencies and resource availability. Therefore, strengthening educators' capacity and providing adequate learning infrastructure are crucial for the sustainable implementation of deep learning in Indonesia.