Induced seismicity in EGS reservoir: the creep route

Abstract

Background: Observations in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) reservoirs of induced seismicity and slow aseismic slip ruptures on related faults suggest a close link between the two phenomena. Methods: We base our approach on the case study of the EGS site of Soultz-sous-Forêts where seismicity has been shown in particular during the 1993 stimulation to be induced not only by fluid pressure increase during stimulation but also by aseismic creeping effects. We propose an interpretation of the field observations of induced seismicity using a laboratory experiment that explores, in great detail, the deformation processes of heterogeneous interfaces in the brittle-creep regime. We track the evolution of an interfacial crack over 7 orders of magnitude in time and 5 orders of magnitude in space using optical and acoustic sensors. Results: We show that a creep route for induced seismicity is possible when heterogeneities exist along the fault. Indeed, seismic event occurrences in time and space are in strong relation with the development of the aseismic motion recorded during the experiments. We also infer the statistical properties of the organization of the seismicity that shows strong space-time clustering. Conclusions: We conclude that aseismic processes might drive seismicity besides the classical effects related to fluid pressure and show that a creep route for induced seismicity is possible.