Coping Strategies and Psychological Maladjustment/Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Approach with Children and Adolescents Exposed to Natural Disasters

Abstract

Background: Following disasters, children and adolescents can use coping strategies to feel better. A growing body of studies investigated the relation between them and maladjustment/adjustment, i.e., negative symptomatology/positive indicators of development. Yet, these constructs are studied separately. Objective: We conducted two meta-analyses to examine the mean correlation between disaster-related coping strategies and indicators of maladjustment/adjustment following natural disasters in children and adolescents, considering the role of some moderators. Methods: We used PsycINFO, PubMed, Eric, and Scopus databases to identify articles on natural disasters (filters: participants ≤ 18 years at the disaster, peer-review, English language). Inclusion required investigating the relation between at least one coping strategy and at least one indicator of maladjustment (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression) and/or adjustment (e.g., self-efficacy, emotion understanding), for a total of 26 studies (k = 64, n = 9692, for maladjustment; k = 37, n = 3504, for adjustment). Results: There were global positive significant correlations between coping strategies and negative symptomatology (rpooled =.23) for maladjustment, and positive indicators (rpooled =.17) for adjustment. Negative symptomatology positively correlated with escape (r =.19), social isolation (r =.15), submission (r =.64), and opposition (r =.16); positive indicators positively correlated with problem solving (r =.31), social support (r =.22), and submission (r =.30). We found a moderating role of age, disaster type, and continent for maladjustment. Conclusions: The study presented an analysis of the coping strategies that can be effective for children and adolescents dealing with natural disasters.