Dampak Program Latihan Kaki Diabetik terhadap Kontrol Glikemik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat resistensi insulin dan gangguan sekresi insulin. Aktivitas fisik seperti senam kaki diketahui berperan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh senam kaki diabetes terhadap perubahan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gunung Lingkas Kota Tarakan.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test. Sampel berjumlah 18 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Intervensi berupa senam kaki diabetes dilakukan secara terstruktur dengan durasi latihan 20–30 menit setiap sesi, diberikan dengan frekuensi 3 kali per minggu selama 4 minggu. Senam kaki dipandu oleh peneliti dengan mengikuti prosedur gerakan standar yang meliputi pemanasan, gerakan inti, dan pendinginan. Kadar glukosa darah sewaktu diukur menggunakan glucometer sebelum intervensi (pre-test) dan setelah intervensi (post-test) untuk mengetahui efektivitas latihan. Hasil: Rata-rata kadar glukosa darah sebelum senam kaki adalah 216,57 mg/dl, dan setelah intervensi menjadi 183,92 mg/dl, dengan rata-rata penurunan sebesar 32,65 mg/dl. Uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p = 0,001 (p < 0,05), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh signifikan. Kesimpulan: Senam kaki diabetes berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita DM tipe 2 dan dapat diterapkan sebagai intervensi non-farmakologis di tingkat layanan primer.Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Physical activity, such as foot exercises, is known to play a role in lowering blood glucose levels. Objective: To determine the effect of diabetic foot exercises on changes in blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 DM in the Gunung Lingkas Community Health Center (Puskesmas) in Tarakan City. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. A sample of 18 respondents was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention, in the form of diabetic foot exercises, was carried out in a structured manner with a duration of 20–30 minutes per session, given three times per week for four weeks. The foot exercises were guided by the researcher following standard movement procedures including warm-up, core movements, and cool-down. Random blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer before the intervention (pre-test) and after the intervention (post-test) to determine the effectiveness of the exercise. Results: The average blood glucose level before the foot exercise was 216,57 mg/dl, and after the intervention it became 183,92 mg/dl, with an average decrease of 32,65 mg/dl. Statistical testing showed a p-value of 0,001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect. Conclusion: Diabetic foot exercises significantly reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and can be implemented as a non-pharmacological intervention at the primary care level.