Lowering the Temperature and Increasing the Fill Factor of Silicon Solar Cells by Filtering of Sub-Bandgap Wavelengths

Abstract

Silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) cells are currently the most prevalent and cost-effective solution for solar energy generation. Given their dominance in the market and the extensive research dedicated to them, they are ideal targets for efficiency enhancement through innovative yet straightforward methods. This study explores the potential for improving the efficiency of these cells by managing the PV’s temperature using an infrared (IR) filter. The filter allows photons that can generate free electron–hole pairs to pass while reflecting those with wavelengths below the semiconductor bandgap, which otherwise contribute to performance degradation. Various techniques were applied, including I–V analysis, impedance measurements, and atmospheric scanning electron microscope (Air-SEM) observations, to examine the temperature’s impact on silicon PVs. By integrating IR filters, the results showed a 3% increase in the fill factor and a temperature reduction of approximately 10 degrees Celsius. These findings highlight the potential of this cooling approach for silicon cells, which can enhance the cell’s longevity and efficiency, paving the way for future industrial applications.