Genotoxicity of NiTi orthodontic wires induced by the release of metal ions

Abstract

Nowadays with an abundance of wire alloys to choose for orthodontic treatment, dentists must be wise to select an appropriate wire for the treatment while considering its biological effects on the patient. This review will discuss the possible genotoxic effects of NiTi alloy (Nitinol) orthodontic wires caused by metal ion release. Essentially, the release of metal ions promotes ROS production and induces oxidative stress, which will potentially oxidize nucleotide bases and could cause mutations. Even though the release of metal ions cannot be fully avoided, attempts could be made to minimize its effects on the human body. Clinicians should be aware of the patient's relevant status (such as hypersensitivity) and get updated on newer wire alternatives to optimize the patient's treatment while avoiding undesirable biological effects.