A Conceptual Framework for a Successful Adoption of Digital Health Systems in Developing Countries

Abstract

Introduction: Digital Health Systems (DHS) have the potential to enhance healthcare in developing countries, but challenges such as political instability, cultural resistance, poor infrastructure, and workforce limitations hinder successful implementation. Methods: A mixed-methods approach, including a systematic literature review, in-depth interviews (n=25), and surveys (n=350), was employed to develop the Network of Influence Framework (NIF). Results: The refined NIF identifies critical success factors such as brain drain, capacity building, evidence-based practices, and organizational memory. It emphasizes the complex interplay of enablers and barriers, where leadership and regulatory frameworks are often hindered by systemic issues, including infrastructure gaps and resistance to change. Conclusions: To successfully implement DHS in developing countries, context-specific solutions addressing both enablers and barriers are necessary. Future research should explore the interdependencies between these factors to develop sustainable, inclusive strategies for to help improving healthcare delivery in developing countries.