Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activities of some plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients receiving hospital treatments in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to available antibiotics is in alarming rate to put this into control with the use of natural products of plant derivatives. The aim of this research is centered on comparative study of plant extracts and antibiotics on S. aureus isolates from hospital patients. Methods: A total of 106 human clinical samples were collected and analyzed for S. aureus isolates from urine, noses, ears and wounds of patients. The isolated S. aureus species were subjected to inhibition with plant extracts in comparison with commercial antibiotics. Twenty S. aureus isolates from the subjects' samples were analyzed for multidrug resistance to antibiotics and plant leaves aqueous extracts. Out of these isolates, 9 were obtained from urine, 3 from noses, and 4 each from ears and wounds samples. These isolates were identified with code numbers Results: The highest inhibition created on the isolates with modern medicine was between 11 and 35 mm while for traditional medicine inhibition of the isolates was between 11 and 36 mm. Alkaloids and saponins were more than others in the plants extracts where value of alkaloids was between 2.42 and 3.63 and saponins between 2.60 and 3.27. Conclusion: The plants extract inhibition was comparable to the antibacterial potency of commercial antibiotics on the tested bacteria species. The antibacterial activities observed from Terminalia catappa, Mangifera indica and Acalypha wilkesiana are probably due to several bioactive compounds contained in the plants and may serve as templates alternative medicine to treat infections caused by S. aureus.