Targeted Application of Motor Learning Theory to Leverage Youth Neuroplasticity for Enhanced Injury-Resistance and Exercise Performance: OPTIMAL PREP

Abstract

Youth athletes are ideal candidates for novel therapeutic motor learning interventions that leverage the plasticity of the central nervous system to promote desirable biomechanical adaptions. We summarize the empirical data supporting the three pillars of the Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning (OPTIMAL) theory of motor learning and expand on potential neurophysiologic mechanisms that will support enhanced movement mechanics in youth to optimize prevention programs for reduced injury risk, injury rehabilitation, exercise performance, and play (Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play; PREP). Specifically, we highlight the role of motivational factors to promote the release of dopamine that could accelerate motor performance and learning adaptations. Further, we detail the potential for an external focus of attention to shift attentional allocation and increase brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor integration to facilitate primary motor cortex efficiency. This manuscript serves to provide the most current data in support of the application of OPTIMAL PREP training strategies of the future.