Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: A practical overview

Abstract

Patients with liver cirrhosis and, in particular, those with liver failure are at high risk of reduced muscle mass and strength/ function, otherwise known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a complex, multifactorial (poor nutritional intake, protein catabolism, physical inactivity) chronic condition, which increases the risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and tailored management incorporating high protein diets and combination aerobic/resistance exercise can ameliorate the complications associated with sarcopenia in cirrhosis. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, assessment tools and management of sarcopenia in cirrhosis.