Blood Glucose Dynamics in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Descriptive-Analytical Cross-Sectional Investigation

Abstract

Background: Major surgeries cause metabolic stress and insulin resistance, leading to postoperative hyperglycemia and increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess blood sugar level changes in diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery and its confounding factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study compared blood sugar levels (BS) in 100 diabetic patients undergoing elective surgeries. Demographic data, medical history, surgery type, and anesthetic technique were documented. Laboratory assessments included fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Statistical analysis used SPSS software and nonparametric tests. Results: Postoperative blood sugar levels significantly increased compared to preoperative levels (mean change 11.40 ± 14.356 mg/dL). Age over 60 and general anesthesia were significant factors associated with elevated blood sugar. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant postoperative increase in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, particularly those aged over 60 and under general anesthesia.