Contamination Status and Health Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in the Northern Slope of Eastern Tianshan Mountains Industrial Belt in Xinjiang, Northwest China

Abstract

In recent years, soil heavy metal pollution has become an important issue of general concern because it is an important factor that threatens the soil environment. To assess the risk of the human health of the people living in the economic belt on the northern slope of the eastern Tianshan Mountains, and provide guidance for pollution control and risk prevention, the northern slope of the eastern Tianshan Mountains was selected as the study area, and six heavy metals (i.e., Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Hg) were measured. The results revealed that the Cu, Pb, Hg, and As contents of the soil exceeded the soil background value of Xinjiang by 1.02, 4.10, 1.76, and 7.98 times, respectively. The Zn and Cr contents were lower than the limits of regional soil standards. Based on the pollution assessment using the pollution index (PI), values indicate that the levels of Zn and Cr pollution were low, those of Cu and Hg pollution were moderate, and those of Pb and As pollution were high. The health risk assessment results revealed that there are non-carcinogenic risks to children. The carcinogenic health risks posed by the heavy metals in this region are higher than the threshold (10−4), indicating that they pose a hazard to human health. The results of this research provide a theoretical basis and reference for soil heavy metal pollution control and human health risk management in this area.