Development Of Lipid Nanoparticles and Application in Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

The most clinically developed non-viral gene delivery method available today is lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which can efficiently encapsulate a variety of medications, including proteins, nucleic acids (like mRNA and siRNA), and small molecules. LNPs greatly enhance drug stability, targeting and bioavailability, and through modification of the specific ligands on the surface, enable precise delivery to specific cells or tissues with reduced uptake by off-target cells and reduced side effects. By modifying specific ligands on their surfaces, they can achieve precise delivery to specific cells or tissues, reduce uptake in non-target cells and minimize side effects. The composition of LNPs is described in this paper along with their usage in cancer treatment, where gene editing is made possible through the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and LNPs can be combined with immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic medicines for multimodal therapy. Applications of LNPs in the treatment of neurological illnesses and in nucleic acid drug delivery systems are also covered. LNPs can be used to deliver siRNAs and mRNAs and protect them from degradation for targeted delivery. LNPs can also be employed for brain-targeted medication delivery by altering ligands such as lactoferrin, transferrin and others.