The Concept of Liberation (Moksha) in Indian Philosophy: An Analysis

Abstract

Indian philosophy extensively explores the concept of liberation (moksha), regarded as the ultimate goal of human existence. Moksha signifies the cessation of the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and the realization of one’s true self, free from ignorance (avidya) and suffering (dukkha). This paper delves into the diverse interpretations of moksha across major philosophical traditions such as Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga, Jainism, and Buddhism. While Vedanta emphasizes self-realization through the knowledge of Brahman, Samkhya and Yoga focus on detachment and the separation of Purusha from Prakriti. Jainism advocates for ethical living and spiritual purity, while Buddhism aims for nirvana through the cessation of desires. The analysis underscores the philosophical underpinnings, methods of attainment, and the implications of moksha on ethics, metaphysics, and human well-being. This study bridges classical texts and contemporary relevance, providing a holistic understanding of moksha as a transformative spiritual ideal.