Vitamin D protection from rat diabetic nephropathy is partly mediated through Klotho expression and renin–angiotensin inhibition

Abstract

Objective: We hypothesised that vitamin D has a beneficial renal protective effect from diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: Four rat groups were included: normal control (control), type 2 diabetes for eight weeks (DM), treated group with angiotensin receptor blocker losartan (DM + L), and vitamin D-treated group started from the onset of diabetes (DM + Vit D). Results: In the both treated groups, we found a significant (p