APPLICATION OF HERRNSTEIN'S HYPERBOLA TO TIME ALLOCATION OF NATURALISTIC HUMAN BEHAVIOR MAINTAINED BY NATURALISTIC SOCIAL REINFORCEMENT

Abstract

Five college students talked to an experimenter about various topics. Time spent looking at the experimenter was reinforced by verbal statements of praise and interest on five variable‐interval schedules. Herrnstein's hyperbola provided a good description of the time‐allocation data for 4 of the 5 subjects, and accounted for 95% of the variance of the median time‐allocation data. The hyperbola provided a significantly better description of the data than a two‐parameter ramp function with similar differential properties. Estimates of the asymptote, k, of the hyperbola varied among subjects from about 2 to about 15 seconds of eye contact per minute. These estimates were much smaller than the constant 60 seconds of eye contact per minute required by Herrnstein's matching theory. These results support the conclusion that Herrnstein's hyperbola describes naturalistic human behavior maintained by naturalistic social reinforcement as well as it describes the behavior of humans and nonhumans in typical laboratory preparations. The results also indicate that the hyperbolic form of the time‐allocation version of Herrnstein's equation is accurate, but that the constant k requirement of matching theory may not hold.