Dental and medical management of the patient with bipolar disorder

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this literature review is to understand the appropriate medical management of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) which subsequently can translate into the effective dental management of patients suffering with this illness. Methods: This study was completed using three databases which included PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library. Additionally, relevant dental and medical textbooks were also used to summarize more complex topics regarding BD. Descriptors used to find relevant articles included “Bipolar Disorder”, “Adverse drug effects of bipolar medications”, and “Orofacial findings with patients with bipolar disorder”. A total of 49 relevant articles and textbooks were found which were included in this literature review. Results: BD is a mental illness which affects millions worldwide. It is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression. During the manic phase there is an abnormal elevation in mood whereas the depressive episodes consist of the opposite. The medical management of BD involves pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Common dental findings in patients with BD include caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia and adverse oral effects from the medications used to manage this illness. Conclusion: BD has a significant burden on society and to effectively manage their medical and dental needs, the clinician must be well versed in their illness.