NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY: ENHANCING EFFICACY AND OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS

Abstract

Topical drug delivery systems have evolved from ancient plant-based treatments to sophisticated formulations. These systems offer advantages like localized therapeutic effects, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and circumvention of enzymatic drug degradation. However, conventional topical formulations have limitations such as poor skin penetration, limited efficacy, and potential skin irritation. Nanotechnology has revolutionized topical drug delivery by addressing these challenges using nanocarriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, nanosponges, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles. These nanocarriers enhance drug penetration, improve drug stability, and enable targeted drug delivery. They also offer potential for controlled release, increased bioavailability, and reduced toxicity. Nanotechnology has clinical applications in wound healing, anti-aging, cancer therapy, pain management, cosmetics, chronic skin disorders, and growth factor delivery. Despite their advantages, nanocarriers face challenges, including potential toxicity, complex synthesis procedures, and high production costs. Nanotechnology is anticipated to become increasingly significant for the development of novel and effective topical drug delivery systems.