An overview of power swing detection methods in distance relays and the factors involved

Abstract

Nowadays, due to the simplicity of operation and proper coordination characteristics, distance relays are being extensively used in the protection of power transmission lines. Despite many advantages, the distance relay is exposed to a maloperation when a power swing phenomenon occurs. Power swings may occur due to major disturbances, such as switching lines, generator interruptions, and connecting or disconnecting a large part of the loads, causing outages in healthy lines. Detecting power swing and preventing distance relay maloperation has always been a challenge. In addition, different parameters can have a great impact on the performance of power swing detection methods. In this paper, these parameters and their effects are examined along with various methods for detecting power swings. Accordingly, this comprehensive review covers all aspects of power swing phenomenon and its detection, including causes of power swings, power swing detection methods, determining threshold values in power swing methods, effecting of compensated lines and wind farms in power swing detection methods, and testing power swing function in the distance relays. It is hoped that this study will be helpful for researchers in power system protection to find relevant references and develop new methods for power swing function.