Institutional framework and constraints in the urban and regional planning system in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

The present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis. The {LAMP} assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61 °C or 63 °C, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. The results can be checked using agarose gels. The optimal assay conditions, under which the assay exhibited with no cross-reaction with other closely related tick-borne parasites (T. annulata, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. major, B. ovata, B. U. sp., Anaplasma marginale) or between the two Theileria species of interest, was established. The assay is approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the conventional specific {PCR} assay. The {LAMP} assay was validated using {DNA} from 6 standard stocks in the laboratory and was evaluated for its diagnostic utility using blood samples collected from experimentally and naturally infection cattle or yaks in China. These findings indicate that this Theileria species-specific {LAMP} assay may have potential clinical applications for the detection and differentiation of two benign bovine Theileria species – T. sergenti and T. sinensis, especially in endemic countries.