La producción más limpia en el sector porcino: Una experiencia desde la Amazonía ecuatoriana

Abstract

The objective of the research was to analyze the environmental behavior and the application potential of cleaner production mechanisms (CPM) in a pig breeding farm in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study was conducted during a complete breeding cycle and consisted of three phases: recognition, diagnosis and cleaner production alternatives formulation. The tools used were initial environmental review, eco-maps, flow analysis and costs and revenues analysis, from which the CPM applicable measures were defined for the conditions of the farm. Five improvement options related to feeding and manure and effluent management were evaluated. Manure management alternatives presented the best results from the economic and environmental point of view. Likewise, option 2 (incorporation of a earthworm composting system) presented the highest net present value (NPV) ($ 5696,94 in 5 years), and an internal return rate (IRR) of 76,22%, higher than the interest rate of banking entities (12%). In conclusion, the application of practices and technologies framed in CPM systems can greatly improve the efficiency of raw materials utilization and the reduction of solid and liquid pollutants. However, there are still many challenges in small and medium businesses in Ecuador and it is necessary to continuously search for feasible strategies that enhance the activities of small producers, and promote the region sustainable development.